Effect of temperature on growth and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra (Dinophyceae) isolates from the Portuguese coast (NE Atlantic).

The dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra are potential yessotoxin (YTX) producers, which have been associated with blooms responsible for economic, social, and ecological impacts around the world. They occur in Iberian waters, but in this region, little is known of their ecophysiology and toxin profiles. This study investigated the growth and toxin production of two strains of each species, from the Portuguese coast, at 15 °C, 19 °C, and 23 °C. Growth curves showed higher growth rates at 19 °C, for both species. YTX and three analogs (homo YTX; 45-OH YTX; 45-OH homo YTX) were investigated by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the presence of other analogs was investigated by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). No evidence of toxin production was found in L. polyedra. By contrast, YTX and 45,55-diOH-YTX were detected in both strains of P. reticulatum. These results confirm P. reticulatum as a source of yessotoxins along the Portuguese coast and add to the observed high intraspecific variability on YTX production of both species, at a global scale.

Bioprospecting for new exopolysaccharide-producing microalgae of marine origin / Bioprospección de nuevas microalgas de origen marino productoras de exopolisacáridos

Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can produce biomolecules with industrial interest, including exopolysaccharides (EPS). Due to their structural and compositional diversity, microalgae EPS present interesting properties that can be considered in cosmetic and/or therapeutic areas. Seven microalgae strains from three different lineages, namely Dinophyceae (phylum Miozoa), Haptophyta, and Chlorophyta, were investigated as EPS producers. All strains were found to be EPS producers, though the highest EPS yield was obtained for Tisochrysis lutea, followed by Heterocapsa sp. (126.8 and 75.8 mg L−1, respectively). Upon assessment of the polymers’ chemical composition, significant contents of unusual sugars, including fucose, rhamnose, and ribose, were found. Heterocapsa sp. EPS stood out due to its high content of fucose (40.9 mol%), a sugar known to confer biological properties to polysaccharides. The presence of sulfate groups (10.6–33.5 wt%) was also noticed in the EPS produced by all microalgae strains, thus contributing to the possibility that these EPS might have biological activities worth exploring.(AU)

Bioprospecting for new exopolysaccharide-producing microalgae of marine origin.

Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can produce biomolecules with industrial interest, including exopolysaccharides (EPS). Due to their structural and compositional diversity, microalgae EPS present interesting properties that can be considered in cosmetic and/or therapeutic areas. Seven microalgae strains from three different lineages, namely Dinophyceae (phylum Miozoa), Haptophyta, and Chlorophyta, were investigated as EPS producers. All strains were found to be EPS producers, though the highest EPS yield was obtained for Tisochrysis lutea, followed by Heterocapsa sp. (126.8 and 75.8 mg L-1, respectively). Upon assessment of the polymers' chemical composition, significant contents of unusual sugars, including fucose, rhamnose, and ribose, were found. Heterocapsa sp. EPS stood out due to its high content of fucose (40.9 mol%), a sugar known to confer biological properties to polysaccharides. The presence of sulfate groups (10.6-33.5 wt%) was also noticed in the EPS produced by all microalgae strains, thus contributing to the possibility that these EPS might have biological activities worth exploring.

Social support and professional networks of nurses and nursing technicians in coping with Covid-19: A sectional study in two Brazilian cities.

Among healthcare workers, nurses are at exceptionally considerable risk for contracting COVID-19. Regardless of professionals' level of education, Brazilian nursing is one of the healthcare occupations shouldering the highest levels of responsibility and workload. Social support networks to health and nursing can be a strategy to reduce workload and stress and may contribute to implementing the activities and protecting workers' health. This study aimed to map and analyze social support networks at workplaces as informed by frontline nursing professionals working in healthcare units in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, capitals of the States of Rio de Janeiro and Ceará, respectively. This observational and cross-sectional study used an online data collection instrument based on social network analysis methodology. We recruited 163 participants in two reference services for health professionals suspected or with COVID-19 symptoms. The research question was: "Which category or categories of health professionals have supported you or other colleagues the most in the event of diagnosis or suspicion of COVID-19 among nursing categories? Data were organized by nursing category and city and analyzed through social network analysis using Ucinet©, generating graphs and centrality metrics. Results point to the central relevance of nursing categories in the workplace social support in the pandemic, followed by other health professional categories.

Implicações do teletrabalho para o trabalhador no período pandêmico de covid-19 / Implications of teleworking for the worker in the pandemic covid-19 period / Consecuencias de telework para el trabajador en el período pandémico covid-19

Objetivo: identificar as implicações do teletrabalho para o trabalhador no período pandêmico de covid-19.Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com buscas nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Medline via pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, utilizando os descritores teleworking, pandemics, occupational health com operador booleano AND. A busca foi realizada em agosto de 2022 e contou com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: textos no formato artigo científico com texto na íntegra, publicados no período pandêmico (2020 - 2022), em inglês, português e espanhol. Excluíram-se os artigos duplicados, pesquisas de revisão e artigos reflexivos. Resultados: Foram encontrados 134 artigos e após a aplicação dos critérios e avaliação do corpus textual, obtivemos uma amostra de 19 estudos. A análise se desdobrou na criação de 03 categorias, a citar: modificações no estilo de vida durante o trabalho remoto; implicações relacionadas à saúde mental e ao isolamento e implicações relacionadas ao processo de trabalho. O teletrabalho foi uma ferramenta valiosa porque proporcionou a continuidade e funcionamento das empresas durante a pandemia de Covid-19 uma vez que a saúde física e mental do trabalhador foi imensamente afetada. Conclusão: O teletrabalho mostrou- se uma importante modalidade de trabalho frente à pandemia de Covid-19. Apesar de ter sido uma ferramenta imprescindível para manutenção dos empregos e continuidade do funcionamento das empresas durante a pandemia, a saúde física e mental do trabalhador foi bastante afetada neste período.

Objective: To identify the implications of teleworking for the worker in the pandemic period of covid-19.Methods: This is an integrative literature review with searches in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline via pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, using the descriptors teleworking, pandemics, occupational health with boolean operator AND. The search was carried out in August 2022 and had the following inclusion criteria: texts in the format of scientific article with full text, published in the pandemic period (2020 - 2022), in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Duplicate articles, review research, and reflective articles were excluded. Results: We found 134 articles and after applying the criteria and evaluation of the textual corpus, we obtained a sample of 19 studies. The analysis unfolded in the creation of 03 categories, to mention: changes in lifestyle during remote work; implications related to mental health and isolation and implications related to the work process. Teleworking was a valuable tool because it provided business continuity and operation during the COVID-19 pandemic as the worker's physical and mental health was greatly affected. Conclusion: Teleworking proved to be an important way of working against the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it was an indispensable tool for maintaining jobs and continuing the functioning of companies during the pandemic, the physical and mental health of the worker was greatly affected in this period.

Propósito: identificar las implicaciones del teletrabajo para los trabajadores en el periodo pandémico de covid-19.Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrada de la literatura con búsquedas en la Web de Ciencia, Scopus, Medline via pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo y el Índice Acumulativo a las bases de datos de Enfermería y Literatura de Salud Aliada, utilizando los descriptores teletrabajo, las pandemias, la salud ocupacional con operador Y. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en agosto de 2022 y pudo contar con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: textos en formato de artículo científico con texto completo, publicados en el período de la pandemia (2020-2022), en español, portugués e inglés. Se excluyeron artículos duplicados, encuestas de revisión y artículos reflexivos. Resultados: se encontraron 134 artículos, y tras la aplicación de los criterios de valoración del corpus textual, se obtuvo una muestra de 19 estudios. El análisis ha dado lugar a la creación de 30 categorías, por citar: cambios en el estilo de vida durante el trabajo a distancia; consecuencias relacionadas con la salud mental y el aislamiento y consecuencias relacionadas con el proceso de trabajo. El teletrabajo era un instrumento valioso porque ofrecía continuidad y funcionamiento de las operaciones durante la pandemia del Covid-19, ya que la salud física y mental del trabajador se veía inmensamente afectada. Conclusión: el teletrabajo ha demostrado ser una importante modalidad de trabajo frente a la pandemia del Covid-19. Aunque fue un instrumento indispensable para mantener el empleo y continuar el funcionamiento de las empresas durante la pandemia, la salud física y mental del trabajador se ha visto muy afectada en este período.

Educação permanente na pandemia de COVID-19: técnicos de enfermagem estatutários como educadores / Continued professional development in the COVID-19 pandemic: statutory nursing technicians as educators / Educación permanente en la pandemia de COVID-19: los técnicos de enfermería estatutarios como educadores

Objetivo: analisar a prática do profissional técnico de enfermagem como educador em uma dimensão técnico-operacional de educação permanente voltado para a doença causada pelo coronavírus do tipo 2 (COVID-19). Método: estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com técnicos de enfermagem de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 20 profissionais, sem ocorrência de recusa por parte dos profissionais estatutários, sendo 83% deles do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 41 anos e, em média, 17 anos de atuação na enfermagem, que precisaram, nesse período crítico, adequarem-se à função de educadores. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os técnicos de enfermagem tiveram que ressignificar suas práticas em virtude das necessidades específicas inerentes à pandemia. As atividades de treinamento e capacitação profissional tendem a ser conduzidas por enfermeiros e, consequentemente, os técnicos de enfermagem como público-alvo dessas atividades não são tratados como membros integrantes do serviço de educação permanente.

Objective: to examine the practice of professional nursing technicians as educators in a technical-operational dimension of continued professional development focused on the disease caused by type-2 coronavirus (COVID-19). Method: this qualitative study was conducted with nursing technicians at an intensive care unit, after approval by the research ethics committee. Results: 20 nursing technicians were interviewed (with no refusal from statutory personnel), 83% of them female, mean age 41 years and averaging 17 years' experience in Nursing, who had to adapt, in this critical period, to the function of educators. Conclusion: the nursing technicians were found to have to reframe their practice to the specific needs inherent to the pandemic. Professional training and qualification activities tend to be conducted by nurses and, consequently, nursing technicians, as the target public for these activities, are not treated as integral members of the continued professional development service.

Objetivo: analizar la práctica de profesionales técnicos de enfermería como educadores en una dimensión técnico-operativa de educación permanente con foco en la enfermedad provocada por el coronavirus tipo 2 (COVID-19). Método: estudio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con técnicos de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados intensivos, previa aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: se entrevistaron 20 profesionales, sin negativa por parte de los estatutarios, siendo 83% del sexo femenino, con media de edad de 41 años y, en promedio, 17 años de experiencia en enfermería, que necesitaban, en este período crítico, adaptarse a la función de educadores. Conclusión: fue evidente que los técnicos de enfermería tuvieron que replantear sus prácticas debido a las necesidades específicas inherentes a la pandemia. Las actividades de capacitación y calificación profesional tienden a ser realizadas por enfermeros y, en consecuencia, los técnicos de enfermería como público objetivo de estas actividades no son tratados como miembros integrantes del servicio de educación permanente.

State of the art on Advanced Nursing Practice: reflections for the agenda in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to review the state of the art on Advanced Nursing Practices. METHODS: a scoping review of existing publications up to 2020, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, Web of Science and Scopus databases, identified by descriptors "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem" or "Advanced Practice Nursing". A total of 184 documents were selected. The characterization of this study was carried out, followed by the construction of an overview of different regions of the world. RESULTS: studies showed an increasing trend in the last decade, being present in all continents, although 43.5% correspond to opinion articles, comments, editorials and event reports. Even with similar aspects, the justifications for Advanced Nursing Practices reflect specific regional needs. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the studies still lack methodological variety and emphasis on the specificities of countries and their health systems, in addition to greater detail on labor regulation, professional training and the impacts of these practices in nursing.

Catalytic activity imperative for nanoparticle dose enhancement in photon and proton therapy.

Nanoparticle-based radioenhancement is a promising strategy for extending the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. While (pre)clinical results are encouraging, sound mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle radioenhancement, especially the effects of nanomaterial selection and irradiation conditions, has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigate the radioenhancement mechanisms of selected metal oxide nanomaterials (including SiO2, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2), TiN and Au nanoparticles for radiotherapy utilizing photons (150 kVp and 6 MV) and 100 MeV protons. While Au nanoparticles show outstanding radioenhancement properties in kV irradiation settings, where the photoelectric effect is dominant, these properties are attenuated to baseline levels for clinically more relevant irradiation with MV photons and protons. In contrast, HfO2 nanoparticles retain some of their radioenhancement properties in MV photon and proton therapies. Interestingly, TiO2 nanoparticles, which have a comparatively low effective atomic number, show significant radioenhancement efficacies in all three irradiation settings, which can be attributed to the strong radiocatalytic activity of TiO2, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, and nuclear interactions with protons. Taken together, our data enable the extraction of general design criteria for nanoparticle radioenhancers for different treatment modalities, paving the way to performance-optimized nanotherapeutics for precision radiotherapy.

Crisis, work and nursing: an ethnographic narrative of the coronavirus pandemic in Primary Care in Spain / Crisis, trabajo y enfermería: una narrativa etnográfica de la pandemia de coronavirus en Atención Primaria en España / Crise, trabalho e enfermagem: narrativa etnográfica da pandemia por coronavírus na Atenção Primária da Espanha

ABSTRACT Objective: to narrate the experience of facing a long economic and political crisis and the experience of the arrival process of the coronavirus pandemic in a Spanish healthcare center. Methods: this is a descriptive qualitative study with ethnographic analysis, with data collection through interviews, participant observation and field diary records. Results: the immersion in the context allowed us to identify two axes of domain: "The crisis, work in the community and the territory in Primary Care"; "The inevitability of being a nurse in facing a health crisis". Final considerations: the narrative portrays the ethics in field research, tensions and values of nursing work in crisis situations. Nurses' experiences are presented in narratives of dissatisfaction and difficulties, but with the support of values related to guaranteeing assistance to users and cooperation and solidarity in the collective organization of workers to face the COVID-19 crisis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: narrar la experiencia de afrontar una larga crisis económico-política y la experiencia del proceso de llegada de la pandemia de coronavirus en un centro sanitario español. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo descriptivo con análisis etnográfico, con recolección de datos a través de entrevistas, observación participante y registros de diario de campo. Resultados: la inmersión en el contexto permitió identificar dos ejes de dominio: "La crisis, el trabajo en la comunidad y el territorio en Atención Primaria"; "De la inevitabilidad de ser enfermero ante la crisis sanitaria". Consideraciones finales: la narrativa retrata la ética en la investigación de campo, las tensiones y los valores del trabajo de enfermería en situaciones de crisis. La experiencia de las enfermeras se presenta en narrativas de insatisfacción y dificultades, pero con el respaldo de valores relacionados con garantizar la asistencia a los usuarios y la cooperación y solidaridad en la organización colectiva de los trabajadores para enfrentar la crisis del COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: narrar a experiência do enfrentamento de uma longa crise econômico-política e a vivência do processo da chegada da pandemia do coronavírus em um centro de saúde espanhol. Métodos: trata-se de estudo descritivo qualitativo com análise etnográfica, com coleta de dados por entrevistas, observação participante e registros em diário de campo. Resultados: a imersão no contexto permitiu identificar dois eixos de domínio: "a crise, o trabalho na comunidade e o território na Atenção Primária"; "da inevitabilidade do ser enfermeiro no enfrentamento da crise sanitária". Considerações finais: a narrativa retrata a ético na pesquisa de campo, tensões e valores do trabalho da enfermagem em conjuntura de crise. A experiência dos enfermeiros é trazida em narrativas de insatisfação e dificuldades, porém com a sustentação de valores relacionados à garantia da assistência aos usuários e de cooperação e solidariedade na organização coletiva dos trabalhadores para enfrentamento da crise da COVID-19.

State of the art on Advanced Nursing Practice: reflections for the agenda in Brazil / Estado del arte de las Prácticas Avanzadas de la Enfermería: reflexiones para la agenda en Brasil / Estado da arte sobre Práticas Avançadas em Enfermagem: reflexões para a agenda no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to review the state of the art on Advanced Nursing Practices. Methods: a scoping review of existing publications up to 2020, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, Web of Science and Scopus databases, identified by descriptors "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem" or "Advanced Practice Nursing". A total of 184 documents were selected. The characterization of this study was carried out, followed by the construction of an overview of different regions of the world. Results: studies showed an increasing trend in the last decade, being present in all continents, although 43.5% correspond to opinion articles, comments, editorials and event reports. Even with similar aspects, the justifications for Advanced Nursing Practices reflect specific regional needs. Final Considerations: the studies still lack methodological variety and emphasis on the specificities of countries and their health systems, in addition to greater detail on labor regulation, professional training and the impacts of these practices in nursing.

RESUMEN Objetivos: revisar el estado del arte de las Prácticas Avanzadas de la Enfermería. Métodos: revisión de alcance de publicaciones existentes hasta 2020, en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, Web of Science y Scopus, identificadas por los descriptores "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem" o "Advanced Practice Nursing". Se seleccionaron 184 documentos. Se realizó la caracterización de esta producción, seguida de la construcción del panorama de las diferentes regiones del mundo. Resultados: la producción mostró una tendencia creciente en la última década, estando presente en todos los continentes, aunque el 43,5% corresponde a artículos de opinión, comentarios, editoriales y reportajes de eventos. Incluso con aspectos similares, las justificaciones de las Prácticas Avanzadas de la Enfermería reflejan necesidades regionales específicas. Consideraciones Finales: los estudios aún carecen de variedad metodológica y énfasis en las especificidades de los países y sus sistemas de salud, además de mayor detalle sobre la regulación laboral, la formación profesional y los impactos de estas prácticas en el campo de la enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: revisar o estado da arte sobre as Práticas Avançadas em Enfermagem. Métodos: revisão de escopo de publicações existentes até 2020, nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, Web of Science e Scopus, identificadas pelos descritores "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem" ou "Advanced Practice Nursing". Foram selecionados 184 documentos. Realizou-se a caracterização dessa produção, seguida da construção do panorama das diferentes regiões do mundo. Resultados: a produção apresentou tendência crescente na última década, estando presente em todos os continentes, embora 43,5% correspondam a artigos de opinião, comentários, editoriais e relatos de eventos. Mesmo com aspectos semelhantes, as justificativas para as Práticas Avançadas em Enfermagem refletem necessidades regionais específicas. Considerações Finais: os estudos ainda carecem de variedade metodológica e ênfase nas especificidades dos países e seus sistemas de saúde, além de maior detalhamento sobre a regulação do trabalho, formação profissional e impactos dessas práticas no próprio campo da enfermagem.

Violência armada e qualidade de vida: um estudo seccional na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Armed violence and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in the Family Health Strategy / Violencia armada y calidad de vida: un estudio seccional en la estrategia de salud de la família

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no contexto da violência urbana. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 93 usuários da ESF, em 2020, na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Como limitação apresenta-se impossibilidade de estabelecer uma relação temporal entre a exposição e o desfecho. Pesquisa aprovada pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Escola Anna Nery e, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: o domínio de relações sociais foi o de maior mediana (75,00), seguido do domínio psicológico (66,67), domínio físico (60,71) e por último o domínio de meio ambiente (56,25), valor de p < 0,001. Conclusão: a menor média no domínio ambiente relaciona-se as piores percepções de qualidade de vida com condições de saúde associadas à violência no território, que traz danos à saúde e a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos.

Objective: to assess the quality of life of Family Health Strategy (ESF) users in the context of urban violence. Method: this crosssectional study of 93 ESF users, conducted in 2020 in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region, was approved by the research ethics committees of the Anna Nery School and the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department. One limitation was the impossibility of establishing a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome. Results: the social relationships domain returned the highest median (75.00), followed by the psychological domain (66.67), the physical domain (60.71) and finally the environment domain (56.25) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the lowest average in the environment domain corresponded to the worst perceptions of quality of life in view of health conditions associated with violence in the territory, which harmed the subjects' health and quality of life.

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de los usuarios de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en el contexto de violencia urbana. Método: Estudio transversal realizado junto a 93 usuarios del ESF, en 2020, en la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro. Una limitación es la imposibilidad de establecer una relación temporal entre la exposición y el resultado. Investigación aprobada por los Comités de Ética en Investigación (CEI) de la Escuela Anna Nery y de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de la Ayuntamiento de Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: el dominio de relaciones sociales fue el de más alta mediana (75,00), seguido del dominio psicológico (66,67), el dominio físico (60,71) y finalmente el dominio ambiental (56,25), valor de p < 0,001). Conclusión: los promedios más bajos en el dominio ambiental se relacionan con las peores percepciones de Calidad de Vida con condiciones de salud asociadas a la violencia en el territorio, lo que perjudica la salud y calidad de vida de los sujetos.

Crisis, work and nursing: an ethnographic narrative of the coronavirus pandemic in Primary Care in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: to narrate the experience of facing a long economic and political crisis and the experience of the arrival process of the coronavirus pandemic in a Spanish healthcare center. METHODS: this is a descriptive qualitative study with ethnographic analysis, with data collection through interviews, participant observation and field diary records. RESULTS: the immersion in the context allowed us to identify two axes of domain: "The crisis, work in the community and the territory in Primary Care"; "The inevitability of being a nurse in facing a health crisis". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the narrative portrays the ethics in field research, tensions and values of nursing work in crisis situations. Nurses' experiences are presented in narratives of dissatisfaction and difficulties, but with the support of values related to guaranteeing assistance to users and cooperation and solidarity in the collective organization of workers to face the COVID-19 crisis.

Infection and mortality of nursing personnel in Brazil from COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Health care personnel (HCP) worldwide are at-risk for contracting the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Among health care personnel, nurses are at a particularly high risk due to the physical proximity and duration of time spent providing direct care. Documenting accurate rates of COVID-19 infection and deaths among nurses worldwide has been problematic, and many countries such as the USA have no systematic mechanism for collecting this information. Brazil is unique in that it prioritized the implementation of a dedicated database, the Nursing Observatory to collect accurate and timely data regarding COVID-19 and Brazilian nursing personnel. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze COVID-19 infections and deaths among nurses registered in the centralized and dedicated Brazilian database called the Nursing Observatory. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Brazilian Nursing Observatory was conducted. PARTICIPANTS: Data are reported for two occupational categories: professional Nurse and technical nurse by country regions. All cases or deaths of professional Nurse and technical nurse registered between the 12th and 31st epidemiological weeks of 2020 were included. METHODS: From a unique numerical identification, the appropriate records of nursing personnel affected by COVID-19 were entered by the Technical Responsible Nurse for each service, according to the condition regarding COVID-19. All suspected, confirmed or unconfirmed infections were considered "cases", and all confirmed or unconfirmed deceased as "deaths". Cases and deaths were analyzed according to the variables: 1. region of the country where the case occurred, 2. nursing category and 3. epidemiological week. Universal protocols for collecting and cleaning data were used throughout the country. Infection and mortality rates (per 100,000) were obtained from the relationship between deaths registered and the population of nursing personnel by category and region. RESULTS: Nursing personnel in the Northern, Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil had the highest number of COVID-19 infections and deaths overall with an ascending curve occurring mainly after Epidemiological Week 19. COVID-19 infections and deaths spread later to the Midwest and Southern regions also showing an ascending curve, although the total numbers were less. CONCLUSIONS: All occupational categories of nursing personnel showed higher than expected rates of infection and death. Inequalities and a lack of adequate healthcare resources, hospital beds and Personal Protective Equipment varied by region in Brazil. The politicization of COVID-19 and the lack of a coherent national pandemic plan is a factor to be taken into account. Tweetable abstract: This cross-sectional study shows the evolution of cases and deaths of Brazilian nursing personnel over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Redes sociais e configurações de equipes em uma unidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro / Social networks and team configurations in a Primary Health Care unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro

RESUMO O trabalho em equipe é um pré-requisito da Atenção Primária à Saúde para cumprimento do seu papel de ordenadora e coordenadora do cuidado. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar por meio das relações entre os profissionais, a configuração das diferentes equipes que atuam em uma unidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, tomando como base a Análise de Redes Sociais para a produção das redes ativas no momento do estudo. Utilizou-se essa abordagem por permitir identificar o mapeamento do fluxo da informação e troca, os padrões de comunicação entre os profissionais e representar graficamente as conexões existentes entre diferentes atores. As equipes que atuam na unidade organizam seu trabalho cotidiano em formatos de redes diversos, o que permitiu compreender a dinâmica de comunicação, organização, trabalho em equipe e produção do cuidado no seu aspecto relacional. Considera-se que distintas modelagens de equipe podem ditar o processo de trabalho nesse ponto da rede, fragilizando ou potencializando suas ações, a depender do envolvimento de cada ator, da posição deles na rede e dos recursos que acionam para produção do cuidado.

ABSTRACT Teamwork is one of the prerogatives of Primary Health Care to fulfill its role as an ordering and care coordinator. The aim of the study was to identify, through the relationships between professionals, the configuration of the different teams that work in a Primary Health Care unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on the Analysis of Social Networks for the production of active networks at the moment of the study. This approach was used because it allows to identify the information flow and exchange mapping, the communication patterns between professionals, and to graphically represent the existing connections between different actors. The teams that work in the unit organize their daily work in different network formats, which allowed them to understand the dynamics of communication, organization, teamwork, and the production of care in its relational aspect. It is concluded that different team models can dictate the work process at this point in the network, weakening or enhancing their actions, depending on the involvement of each actor, their position in the network, and the resources they use to produce care.

Social control and nursing performance in defense of life in the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to reflect on social control in health and the contributions that nursing can make to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: this is a theoretical reflection, elaborated from discussions based on literature and the experience of authors' performance in social control and in Primary Care. It is divided into two topics: the first, related to aspects of institutionalized social control; the second, related to the perspectives for nursing in this space. RESULTS: limits and relevant aspects for nurses' role in social control are presented, contributing to a perspective of praxis in health based on their ethical-political commitment and their technical competence in the coordination and management of care to face the pandemic. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: nurses' role in social control favors the strengthening of the struggle for the right to life above profits, especially through popular participation in the community context in Primary Care.

Análise do campo da Atenção Básica à luz da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu / Analysis of the field of Primary Care in light of Pierre Bourdieu's theory

Objetivo: apresentar aspectos estruturais, relacionais e prescritivos do campo da Atenção Básica e ressignificar o acolhimento como estratégia de vigilância em saúde para produção do cuidado. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa delineado pela observação sistemática, cuja análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: os diferentes aspectos observados permitiram compreender a lógica de organização, funcionamento e as fragilidades existentes no campo. Por sua vez, através do acolhimento identificado, foi possível estabelecer sentido sobre a prática em saúde instituída pelos profissionais. Conclusão: apoiado em Pierre Bourdieu, o olhar sobre a Atenção Básica permitiu ressignificá-la como um campo, sendo possível observar que ela é conformada por regras que a orientam e dão sentido à sua existência. No que tange ao acolhimento, observaram-se formas distintas de perceber e utilizá-lo, em que esse não emergiu no estudo como estratégia de vigilância em saúde para produção do cuidado.

Objective: to present structural, relational and prescriptive aspects of the field of Primary Care and to redefine hospitality as a health surveillance strategy for the production of care. Methodology: a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach outlined by systematic observation, in which the data analysis was performed in light of Pierre Bourdieu's theory. Results: the different observed aspects allowed us to understand the logic of organization, functioning and the weaknesses that exist in the field. In turn, through the identified hospitality, it was possible to establish meaning about the health practice instituted by the professionals. Conclusion: supported by Pierre Bourdieu, the look on Primary Care allowed to reframe it as a field, it was possible to observe that it is shaped by rules that guide it and give meaning to its existence. With regard to hospitality, there were different ways of perceiving and using it, in which it did not emerge in the study as a health surveillance strategy for the production of care.

Pandemics, crisis conjunctures, and professional practices: what is the role of nursing with regard to Covid-19? / Pandemia, conjunturas de crise e prática profissional: qual o papel da enfermagem diante da Covid-19?

Objetivo: Discutir o papel da enfermagem diante dos desafios políticos, econômicos e sanitários que configuram conjuntura de crise pela pandemia por Covid-19. Método: Estudo de reflexão crítica de características analíticas, com base na epidemiologia crítica de matriz latino-americana e no conceito de determinação social da saúde. Resultados: As questões centrais relativas ao cenário político-econômico e sanitário brasileiro são problematizadas, com destaque para o aprofundamento da desigualdade social. Debate-se o papel da enfermagem considerando os impactos na saúde destes trabalhadores, e a relevância da sua atuação nos diversos cenários de prática profissional e na defesa da proteção social. Conclusões: Reafirma-se o papel da enfermagem brasileira como prática social de defesa da vida e do acesso universal à saúde com vistas à conquista da justiça social.

Redes sociais dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família no cuidado ao hipertenso / The social networks of the family health strategy professionals for the hypertensive patient care

Resumo O estudo objetivou mapear as redes sociais dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) a partir do cuidado ao hipertenso. Desenvolveu-se pesquisa quantitativa sob os referenciais da Análise de Redes Sociais, entre maio e julho de 2016, em Picos-PI. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semi-estruturada e a análise deu-se com o auxílio do software Ucinet e sua extensão de representação gráfica NetDraw. Os participantes foram profissionais de três equipes da ESF - médico, enfermeira, técnico de enfermagem e agente comunitário de saúde. A rede analisada foi composta por um total de 22 atores. Na dinâmica reticular, os atores com maior grau de centralidade foram o cardiologista, a enfermeira e o nutricionista. O coordenador da Atenção Básica também apresentou relevante grau de centralidade. A organização da rede e a dinâmica das relações sociais refletem o modo como ocorre o cuidado, e conhecer a rede formada pelos profissionais da ESF na atenção ao hipertenso evidencia aspectos relacionados aos modos de produção do cuidado, decisivos para a promoção e manutenção da saúde dos usuários hipertensos.

Abstract The scope of this study was mapping social networks used by professionals from the family health strategy aimed at offering care to hypertensive patients. It is a descriptive study using a quantitative research based on reference analysis of social networks developed between May and July of 2016, In Picos-PI. Data was collected with the help of Ucinet software and its Netdraw graphic representations. Participants were professionals from three family health strategy teams - doctor, nurse, nursing technician and health department community agent. The network analyzed was composed of a total of 22 actors. In reticular dynamics, the actors with the highest degree of centrality were the cardiologist, the nurse and the nutritionist. The primary care coordinator also presented a relevant degree of centrality. The organization of the network and the dynamics of social relations reflect the way care occurs, and knowing the social network formed by professionals of the family health strategy in hypertensive care highlights aspects related to the modes of care production, which is decisive for the promotion and maintenance of the health of users with hypertension.

Pandemics, crisis conjunctures, and professional practices: what is the role of nursing with regard to Covid-19? / Pandémia, conjuncturas de crisis y práctica profesional: cual es el rol de la enfermería frente a la Covid-19? / Pandemia, conjunturas de crise e prática profissional: qual o papel da enfermagem diante da Covid-19?

ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the role of Brazilian nursing to face political, economic and sanitary challenges that compose the crisis situation related to Covid-19 pandemics. Methods: Critical-thinking study with analytics characteristics, based on latin-american critical epidemiology and on the concept of social determination of health. Results: the central issues related to the Brazilian political-economic and health scenario are problematized, with emphasis on the impacts in terms of social inequality deepening. Nursing role is discussed considering the impacts in these worker's health, and the relevance of nurses' actions in the several professional practice scenarios to defend social protection. Conclusions: the role of Brazilian nursing as a social practice for the defense of life and universal access to health is reaffirmed as a way of achieving social justice.

RESÚMEN Objetivo: discutir el rol de la enfermería para enfrentar los retos políticos, económicos y sanitarios que configuran la situación de crisis en el contexto de la pandémia de Covid-19. Método: Estudio de reflexión crítica con características analíticas, basada en la epidemiología crítica de matriz latinoamericana y en el concepto de determinação social da saúde. Resultados: se problematizan los problemas centrales relacionados con el escenario político-económico y de salud brasileño, con énfasis en los impactos en términos de profundizar la desigualdad social. Discutiese el papel de la enfermería considerando los impactos en la salud de estos trabajadores y la relevancia de su desempeño en diferentes escenarios de práctica profesional y en la defensa de la protección social. Conclusiones: se reafirma el papel de la enfermería brasileña como práctica social para la defensa de la vida y el acceso universal a la salud con miras a lograr la justicia social.

RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir o papel da enfermagem diante dos desafios políticos, econômicos e sanitários que configuram conjuntura de crise pela pandemia por Covid-19. Método: Estudo de reflexão crítica de características analíticas, com base na epidemiologia crítica de matriz latino-americana e no conceito de determinação social da saúde. Resultados: As questões centrais relativas ao cenário político-econômico e sanitário brasileiro são problematizadas, com destaque para o aprofundamento da desigualdade social. Debate-se o papel da enfermagem considerando os impactos na saúde destes trabalhadores, e a relevância da sua atuação nos diversos cenários de prática profissional e na defesa da proteção social. Conclusões: Reafirma-se o papel da enfermagem brasileira como prática social de defesa da vida e do acesso universal à saúde com vistas à conquista da justiça social.